Apparatus for gas analysis.



No. 834,040. PATENTED OCT. 23,1906.-

7 A. BAYER. APPARATUS FOR GAS ANALYSIS.

APPLICATION nun MAR. 10. 1905.

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ll'tnamw': Jane/atom PATENTED OCT. 23, 1906.

. A. BAYER.

APPARATUS FOR GAS ANALYSIS. 3 APPLICATION FILED KAB.10.1905. a gazing-saint /W -b 1 T' J y e g t I (a F k I i i I n I k No. 834,040. PATENTED 001*. 23, 1906.

v A, BAYER. APPARATUS FOR GAS ANALYSIS.

APPLIOATIOK FILED MAR. 10. 1905. 3 SHEETB-SHEET 3.

ALEXANDER BAYER. OF BRUNN, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

APPARATUS FOR GAS ANALYSIS.

Specification of Letters Patent,

Patented Oct. 23, 1906.

Application filed March 10, 1905. Serial No. 249,426.

To all whiny/fr"- may concern.

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER BAYER, chemist, a subject of the Emperor of Austria- Hungary, and a resident of 4 Roseggergasse, Brilnn, in the Empire of Austria-Hungary, have invented certain new and useful Improvement-s in Apparatus for Gas Analysis, of which the following is a specification.

The subject of my invention is an apparatus for analyzing gases which enables the varicus constituents of a gas to be determined in succession and graphically registered. For the purpose in view I employ a special combination of vessels for absorbing the various constituents of the gas and improved registering mechanism. Solid absorbents are found to be most suitable for use in this connect-ion, and as their use, owing to the chemical reaction, occasions the generation of so muchheat that the measurement of the gases is rendered inaccurate I provide means for cooling the heated gases or gas residues, so that the measurements are all made at the same temperature.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which show two forms of construction of the new apparatus.

Figure l is a front elevation with the front wall removed of the app-.rratus adapted for liquid absorbents. Fig. 2 is a section on the line as :c of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is afront elevation with the front wall removed of the apparatus adapted for solid absorbents. Fig. 4 is a section on the line 3 y of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a vertical section of the vessel for solid absorbents. Fig. 6 is a Vertical section of the cooler. Fig. 6 is a section through such cooler on the line 2 2 of Fig. 6. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the registering apparatus. Fig. 8 is a vertical section of the so me drawn to an enlarged scale, portions of the drum and stand being broken away to save space. Fig. 9 is a section through the registering apparatus, taken on the line A B of Fig. 8.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, the apparatus consists of a case or on the shelf T, in which two gas-meters B C are placed. Instead of only two several meters may naturally be employed. The meters communicate with each other through pipes cd, vessel L, and pipe Above the shelf T a ipe A conducts through the side of the case E to the meter B.

box K "P is a hydraulic air-pump, Z being the Wuter-supply pipe to the same. The. pump is connected with the meter C by piping l ke. At the bottom of the case K a vessel D is located, into which there dips a pipe 1, the upper end of which enters a closed vessel E, which stands on the shelf T. The vessel E is connevterhby a pipe u, provided with a cock 1, with the pipe 71 furnished with .1 wok h.

It is also provided with a pipe r, terminating with a cock 1', which is located over the funnel-shaped top end of a pipe 5, whica communicates with the upper part of the vessel L Suppose, now, that it is desired to determine quantitatively the percentage if carbonic acid in certain gases of combus tien or in the gases from a lime-kiln. The c 'linder L is first filled with coke moistened with sodalye and the cock u of the pipe it closed. The air-pump P is then worked and the gas to be analyzed conducted through the pipe A. The gas flows through the meter B and causes the indicator The gas from the meter B passes through the pipe ed into the cylinder 1., in which the carbonic acid is absorbed by the soda-lye. The gas thus deprived of its carbonic acid flows out of the cylinder L through the pipe e to the second meter C, where it actuates the indicator G with decreased velocity.

A third meter may beconnec-ted with the meter C in similar manner, together with another absorbent-container, &c., for the purpose of determining the amountof a second constituent of the gas, and so on.

The measured gas is sucked out of the meter 0 (or in the case-of three or more meters out of the last one) through the piping ghi by the air-pump P and escapes through the apaperture is in the latter. The water for working the pump P leaves the latter after performing its work through a suitable exit 1n.

To run lye into the vessel E, the cock h is closed and the cock u opened, whereby by means of the pipe 11M a vacuum is produced in the vessel E,so that lye fiows'from the vessel D into the vessel E. The lye runs out of the latter in a slow continuous stream through the pipe 1" and cook 1" (opened to the desired extent) and descends through the pipe S into the vessel L. The waste liquids flow out of the latter vessel through the pipe t into the duct N.

G to rotate at a certain rate (r). v

The absorbent liquid can, if desired, be contained in the meters in place of the sealing liquid, (water,) in which case the vessel L can be dispensed with.

Referring now to the apparatus designed for use with solid absorbents andshown in Figs. 3 and 4, the gas to be analyzed before entering the first meter B passes through a cooler F, fully described hereinafter, and after to leaving the meter B flows through the pipe cd into the vessel L, equally described hereinafter, containing the absorbent, which itleaves through the pipe cf and passes through the cooler F and through the pipef into the g 5 second meterC. This latter meter is conneclcooler F by the pipe Z Z and leaves by the pipe 7:

12, upon which the solid absorbent medium rests. At the top of the vessel is an annular gutter or trough 2, into which fits the like-. shaped rim 2 of the cover L which is provided with an outlet L; he gutter 2 is filled with Vaseline, soft soap, or other suitable fatty medium for the purpose of effecting an air-tight joint between pot and cover. As shown in Fig. 6, the said cooler F consists of a cylinder of sheet metal provided with two finely-perforated partitions F F and pipes f extending from each hole in the one partition to the corresponding hole in the other partition. (See also Fig. 6 Above the partition F and below the partition F vertical walls H H are provided, so that above two chambers O O are formed and below two chambers O 0 I The pipe I) enters the chamber 0, and the pipe f enters the chamber 0. From the chamber 0 there conducts the pipe b and fromthe chamber 0 the pipe f. The pipe 1' leads into the space or chamber intermediate of the two partitions F. F and a pipe k conduct-s from this chamber. The coolingwater can thus enter at 1, flow through the entire cooler, and leave at k.

The gas to be analyzed enters the chamber 0 by the pipe I), passes through the pipes f 2 into the chamber 0, and leaves the latter through the pipe I), flowing thence to the meter B. The warm gas leaving the vessel enters the chamber 0 at f, flows. through the pipes f leading to the chamber 0 and passes throughf to the second meter C. In

. this manner both gases are reduced to the same temperature and are therefore measured at a like temperature.

The registering mechanism R, as shown in Figs. 1 to 4, is connected by bevel-gear and shafts 2 3 rotating in opposite directions, with the gas-meters This apparatus is illustrated in Figs. 7 to 9 and is comprised of the following details of construction: There is a difl'erential gearing; of well-known construction, the purpose of which is to convertthe opposmg, slow, and irregular movements or the shafts 2 and 3 into a rotary motion representing the difference between the angular velocities of such shafts. The latter are mounted in the respective sides of the casing V, in which the working parts are contained, and in bearing-arms .20 21, disposed therein. The said latter motion is transmitted to the toothed rim 5, which is connected with the differential gearing. To such end the bevelwheels 4 4 of the dillerential gearing 4, which gear with the bevel-wheels 4 4", keyed to the shafts '2 3, respectively, are individually rotatable at the o posite ends of an axis 5. This axis is ll6l( in position by the ends of the shafts 2 3. For this purpose it is furnished with a nave 5*, in which the said ends are engaged. To the axis 5* the said toothed-rim 5 is secured, so that its center coincides with the axis of the shafts 2 and 3. The rim 5 meshes with the toothed wheel 6, keyed to the shaft 7, mounted in the bearing-arms 2O 21. At the end of this shaft :1. ullcy 8 is secured, against which is pressed y a friction-roller 10 a bar 9, suitably guided below at 12, so that it may be raised )y the pulley 8. The bar 9 carries a style 11 at the top, so that as the bar is raised the style 11 makes an almost vertical stroke on the drum 13. This drum carries, as is well known with such recording arrangements, a sheet of paper 23 and is driven by clockwork (not shown) about a vertical axis. T he friction-roller 10 is carried by an arm 19, pivoted to a suitable support- 22 and engaged by a spring 18, fixed to such sup ort, Fig. 8, so that for the purpose state the roller 10 is pressed against the bar 9. The length of the line which the style thus draws depends upon the period during which the rod 9 is pressed against the pulley 8 and,'further, upon the circumferential velocity of the pulle Y 8. If now a certain interval of timesay t ee minutesis regarded, then during such period, depending upon the variation of the circumferential velocity of the pulley 8,

the style 11 will draw lines of different length.

The motion of the shaft 2 is constant, since the as-meter B is operated at the same s ced by the original gas. This shaft 2 is tliereforeemployod to bring the style 1 1 back to its initial position in definite intervals of time. his is necessary, since the bar, owing to its own limited length, can only be raised to a certain extent. For this p'urpose a pinion 14 is keyed to the shaft 2, such inion meshing with a toothed wheel 15. o the latter is secured a pin or stud 16, which at tarot-e each complete revolution "of the wheel 15 strikes a projection 17, secured to the pivotal arm 19. On the pin 16 strikingthe projection 17 the roller 10 is moved away from the rod 9, and the latter then descends by gray.

ity, whereupon it is again pushed upward, the pin 16 releasing the projection 17, so that the style 11 commences to draw a new line.

Since the drum 13 makes one revolution in twenty-four hours, the drawn lines located one beside the other and whose bases are all on the same level-namely, that correspond-- ingwith the lowest position of the bar 9-will by reason of the irregular motion of the drum the meter C be of different heights, so that their summits w ll form a day-diagram.

For the purpose of better explanation of the operation and object of the registering apparatus I will now proceed to give a practical example.

If, for instance, through both meters B and C ordinary air-is allowed to flow, the drums will be driven at the same speed, the differential gear-i. e., rim -will not move, so that the pulley 8 and rod 9 recieve no motion, and the style 11 accordingly makes a horizontal line on the drum. If, now, instead of aira gas containin ten percent. of carbonic acid is allowed to ow through the meter B, then after absorption of the carbonic acid by an absorbent medium subsequent to passage through the meter B the drum of t e meter C Wlll move with a' velocity of only 0.9 that of the drum of the meter B.

The differential gearing-i. e., rim 5-will move with a velocity of 0.1that is to say the difference between the velocities 1 an 0.9, and this velocity will be transmitted to prefera the style 11. The gear of the registering apparatus is ly so arran ed that the sty e 11 is always raised two mil imeters when the drum of the meter C has a velocity one per cent. less than that of the drum of the meter B. In the present case, therefore, the style 11 will draw a line twenty millimeters long-that is to sayila line twenty millimeters on indi-.

cates at in the gas assing through t e meter'C ten per cent. ess has been measured than in the as which entered the meter B.

Having tins described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters ,Patent of the United States- 1. In a gas-analyzing apparatus, in combination, gas-meters connected in the gas-pipe, shafts driven in opposite directions by the meters, gra hical registering mechanism, and differential gearing transmitting the differing motions of the shafts to the said registering mechanism, substantially as described.

2. In a gas-analyzing apparatus, in combination, gas-meters connectedin the gag-pipe, an absorbent-container connected tween the two meters, shafts driven in opposite dimitting the differing motions of the s afts to the said registering mechanism, substantially as described. I 3. In a gas-analyzing apparatus, in combination, gas-meters connected in the as-pipe, an absorbent-container connected etween the two meters, and a cooler divided into two compartments, through one of which the gas passes prior to entering the first meter, and through the other of which it passes after leaving the absorbent-container and prior to entering the last meter, substantially as described.

4. A cooler for as-analyzing apparatus comprisi a vessel aving chambers at the ends divi ed from the remainder of the vessel by perforated artitions, walls dividing each of the said en chambers into two compartments, and pipes extending from the holes in one perforated partition to the correlar trough at the top, adapted to contain a fatty sealing medium, and a cover having a gas-outlet and a guttered rim fitting into the trough of the vessel, substantially as described.

v 6. In a gas-analyzing apparatus, in combination, as-meters connected in the gas-pipes, shafts riven in opposite directions by the meters, a toothed rim, differential gearing transmitting the difi'erin motion of the shafts to the said nm, a third s aft, a toothed wheel mounted thereon and driven by the said rim,

a friction-pulley keyed to this shaft, a vertically-sliding bar, 'ding means for the latter, spring-actual: means pressing the bar against the friction-pulley, a style carried .by the said bar, and a rotary drum marked by the stiyle, substantially as described.

7. n a gas-analyzing apparatus, in combination, 'as-meters connected in the gas-pipe, shafts driven in opposite directions by the meters, a toothed rim, differential gearing transmittin the motion of the shafts to the said rim, a t iird shaft, a toothed wheel mounted thereon and driven b the said rim, a friction-pulley keyed to the shaft, a verticallysliding bar, ginding means for the latter, apinion mounte on one of the said first-named shafts a toothed wheel, the pinion and having a lateral stud, a friction -roller, a springsetuated pivoted lever carrying the said In witness whereof I have hereunto signed v roller, and pressing it against the pulley, a. my name, this 16th day of December, 1904, proection on the said lever engaged by the in the presence of two subseribin witnesses.

' sai stud onthe toothed wheel rotating, :1 ALEXANDER AYER.

5 style carried by the said bar, and a rotary I Witnesses:

drum marked by the style, substantially as i A. W. DONEGAN, 1 1 described. g .HERMANN SCHALLINGER. I I 4 

